Criminology Theories - 1039 Words

â€Å"Criminology† is the study of crime from a social perspective by researching the nature and management of crime and the social impact of crime on society involving the causes and consequences behind the matter. This is a generalised explanation of what â€Å"Criminology† involves as it is too difficult to create an exact definition because the topic is so complex from continuous growing historical roots and evolving theories which will be explored within the main body of this essay. It is said by Sutherland (1939), that Criminology is made up by â€Å"three great tributaries: The study of crime, the study of those who commit crime and the study of the criminal justice and penal systems†. Criminologists study this topic in an attempt to gain a†¦show more content†¦The main idea behind their work was that punishment would only work efficiently if it’s severity was proportionate to the offence committed. Beccaria and Bentham kept the interest of society in mind in the regard that whatever was introduced as a restraint towards criminal behaviour should have a clear aim of emitting the greatest happiness to the largest possible number of people in terms of solace and serenity. The second school of thought â€Å"Positivist Criminology† became apparent after the ideas about criminals and punishment were created from the first. Like â€Å"Classical†, the positivist idea had a theory of utilitarianism but instead philosophers within this school applied a scientific method to study criminal behaviour based upon external factors. The primary idea behind positivism is that criminals are born into their category due to their nature and are not made into criminals. The theory is split into three segments that cover a substantial body of verified principles of knowledge such as: biological, psychological and social positivism in an attempt to understand criminal behaviour and â€Å"Criminology’s† purpose. All three express the same outcome on how rehabilitation for the offender should fit for their needs individually instead of as a whole. â€Å"Ceasare Lombroso†, an ItalianShow MoreRelatedDisorganization Theory Of Criminology And Criminology Essay1789 Words   |  8 PagesDisorganization theory of criminology Name Institution Disorganization theory of criminology Borski, J., and Harold. (1995). Social disorganization theory: influence of society and environment to crime: New York: Lexington. The two researchers use data from the Lexington library to determine how the environment people live in can influence their behaviors. It means that the social organization theory focuses on the effect of society towards crime. When a society or the people in it do not holdRead MoreThe Theories And Theories Of Criminology1772 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction Criminology has emerged as a science in the recent years, and various theories and perspectives have been developed by the social scientists and criminologists in this regard. With the development of sociology as a new subject of study and defining the sociology by the August Comte in 1822, the way was paved for the development of criminology, as the new branch of study. This Branch deals with the study of crime and it gradually developed as academic discipline in Britain in 1950s. CesareRead MoreA Common Theory Of Criminology Essay1398 Words   |  6 Pages A common theory in criminology and in sociology suggests that class and race are vital roles regional crime rates. Previous research indicates that the distribution of class and race within certain residential areas has a key role in the outcome of certain violent acts. 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The term criminologistRead MoreClassical Theory in Criminology1753 Words   |  8 PagesClassical School Classical theory in criminology has its roots in the theories of the 18th century Italian nobleman and economist, Cesare Beccaria and the English philosopher, Jeremy Bentham (Hollin, 2004, 2). It was based on principles of utilitarian philosophy. Cesare Beccaria, author of On Crimes and Punishments (1763–64), Jeremy Bentham, inventor of the panopticon, and other classical school philosophers based their arguments as follows, (1) People have free will to choose how to act (2) DeterrenceRead MoreTheory Of Peacemaking Criminology1732 Words   |  7 Pageswhich emerged within the criminology discipline in the late 20th century. As this segment progress, the readers will become acquainted with the historical background of peacemaking, proponents of the theory, and explanations as to what is peacemaking, expanding on restorative justice, a form of peacemaking criminology and finally conclude this section with critiques and discussion on peacemaking criminology as discussed during the class presentation. Peacemaking criminology grew out of the conflictRead MoreStrain Theory Of Criminology1299 Words   |  6 PagesDifferentiate Criminology Forums Prostitution Since time immemorial, society has demonised prostitution as deviant and immoral act that ought not to be condoned. For that matter, laws have been created to put the offenders to trial if found indulging in this act. Prostitution is just like any other crime because, society have reservation to it based on the effects it has on the society moral dignity and values. Similarly, laws exist that prohibit its practice and this justifies the argument of itRead MoreCriminology And The Social Theory Essay1726 Words   |  7 Pagesbeing multidisciplinary, in which many fields and outlooks are used. This mean the study of criminology is micro in nature because behaviour can be analysed in depth form different angles of approach. According to Sellin, criminology can include the realms of politics (such as left and right realist approaches to criminal behaviour and prevention strategies), psychology (such as biological and social theories for the onset of criminal activity), law (such as drug laws and government strategies to overcomeRead MoreClassical Theory of Criminology Essay1523 Words   |  7 PagesCriminology is the study of why individuals engage or commit crimes and the reasons as to why they behave in certain ways in different situations (Hagan, 2010). Through understanding the reasons or why an individual commits a crime, one can come up with ways to prevent and control crime or rehabilitate criminals. There exist a large number of criminology theories, some link crime to an individual or person; they believe a person weighs the cons and pros and makes a conscious decision on whether toRead MoreThe Research Theories Of Biosocial Criminology1177 Words   |  5 Pagescriminological theories thought to identify and explain the behaviors of criminals. The factors that distinguish each theory are as unique as they are the same. Each individual theory takes on a different side of the same factors but the current criminological theories don’t carry much meri t due to the lack of criminality predictability, crime explanation, and to the inconsistencies within the theories themselves. Unlike other areas of scientific research, criminology is continually adding new theories without

Ethics And Trends Native Advertising - 3381 Words

Ethics and Trends Native Advertising Staying afloat: How native advertising poses a threat to traditional journalism By: Jesse Flickinger It’s never been harder to be a newspaper than in today’s current climate. The state of journalism, and how to fund it, are in a heavy storm of uncertainty. No one has quite figured out the answer yet on how to keep the current model alive. Papers are going under and the traditional revenue streams, which once brought them into fruition, are shrinking and drying up. Around the nation, several national and daily periodicals are experimenting with new ways of producing revenue to fund publications. But several problems arise in investigating these trends. Included in this search for new ways†¦show more content†¦Online print publications have struggled to attract advertisers for years and are also turning to native advertising to try and stop the bleeding. But the issue now lies in that these publications, in its aim to stay afloat in the new digital era, are sacrificing content and credibility; after already having to shed reporters in order to stay in the black. Native advertising is being seen as a Band-Aid of sorts to help alleviate some of the financial woes papers and publishers are feeling, but is it? Or is it another disease on the industry? Native advertising and why journalists should be afraid Native advertising is this generation’s take on the advertorial of yesteryear. It typically uses the editorial assets of a publication or media group and shares them with potential advertisers to create advertising editorial content that fits in(or is native to) that publication s traditional content. Most of the time these ads are flagged with sponsored posts or other disclaimers to let readers know they are ads, but they are still traditionally run along other news and editorial content fitting of the publication. Scott Cunningham, vice president of ad technologies at the Interactive Advertising Bureau, said that native advertising is essentially advertiser-sponsored content that matches the content style of the publisher. â€Å"N ative advertising is a way for advertisers to create content that supports their brand and a publisher’s quality

Doing the Right Things in Work Environment

Question: Explain what "doing the right thing" in your work environment means to you. Answer: As an employee it is my duty to adhere to all ethical policies and procedures defined by my organisation. Supporting the development and maintainence of a positive work environment which is free from unhealthy competition, harassment and discrimination is the responsibility of all employees (Dose Klimoski, 1995). Doing the right things in work environment means respecting and accepting inidvidual differences, performing ones tasks with integrity and honesty and living by values that support organisation vision and mission. Every inidvidual within the work environment must be treated with due respect and integrity irrespective of their age, sex, caste, race, religion, level of education, nationality or disability. It is important to follow the health and safety guidlines provided by the organisation to ensure own as well as others safety. Any unethical act should be immediately reported to the supervisor or human resource department. It is impotant to use assertive communication styl e to avoid workplace conflicts(Bredeson Goree, 2012). To enahnce overall team performance it is required to work in coordination with team members and develop a relationship of trust. To achieve team and organisational goals it is important that individual employees keep their self interest behind organisational interests and avoid indulging in any form of unethical practice such as bribery, office politics, false transactions, misuse of resources etc. As an employee doing the right thing at work environment involves putting my best efforts to solve problems, taking accountability of tasks performed by me, staying professional and blowing the whistle when required. Ethical Dilemma Ethical dilemma is a situation where individuals have to choose between two alternatives both of which appears right (Christensen Boneck, 2010). It is a challenging situation where people have two choose between right and right which is much more difficult than shorting out right solution between one right and one wrong option. In such situations, utilmate goal is to select that course of action that delivers maximum good and causes least harm. There are times when people end up making the wrong choices during an ethical dilemma which futher make things worse. Realising and accepting ones mistake is the first step towards the right decision. Second step is to inform the people affected by the decision that the decision maker takes the accountability of what has happened and is working to re-evaluate the situation to make things better. To ensure the right action is selected and implemneted in an immediate basis it is important to engage people and communicate the need for changed co urse of action to them(Sahakian LaBuzetta, 2013). The decision maker should ensure that the alternate course of action is consistent with the commitments and basic values and does maximum good and least harm to people affected by the case. It is imporatnt to establish a relationship of trust during such times and show people that the decision maker is commited to do things in the right way. References Bredeson, D., Goree, K. (2012). Ethics in the Workplace. New York: Cengage Learning. Christensen, D. S., Boneck, R. (2010). Four Questions For Analyzing The Right Versus Right Dilemmas Of Managers. Journal of Business Case Studies , 6 (3), 53-58. Dose, J. J., Klimoski, R. J. (1995). Doing the right thing in the workplace: Responsibility in the face of accountability. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal , 8 (1), 35 56. Sahakian, B., LaBuzetta, J. N. (2013). Bad Moves: How decision making goes wrong, and the ethics of smart drugs. Oxford: OUP Oxford.