1984 Class Structure - 1091 Words

Humans always have had a tendency to allow the poor and miserable to suffer, even while the wealthy continue to fatten and flourish in needed yet often unshared resources. The social order has shaped a distinctive hierarchy composed of the High, the Middle, and the Low in an exceedingly flawed and callous structure. This system has been implemented in our history over a variety of ages and civilizations. More importantly, the structure has not been altered to work for any system except for theoretical Communism and Socialism. The novel 1984 was a shock to the masses when it was released, but by showing the class structure and political satire Orwell was able to present not only the danger of Communism gone awry but its repercussions on†¦show more content†¦This is remarkably similar to certain viewpoints taken of the United States philosophies on politics and the class system. According to Phillips, Â… the erosion of the U.S. middle class in the 1980s and early 1990s reflected technological change and global economic upheaval. The Reagan administration introduced new philosophies, tentative and little understood at first, to justify policies of redistributing tax burdens, exalting markets, over rewarding the rich and the manipulations of financeÂ… Using the previous example from Kevin Phillips, one can see how the upper or high class will always attempt to gain more wealth and power, even at the expense of the common good as well as the majority. The peasants and other low classes have always been pressed on by their uppers. The Proles make up the majority of the population of Oceania, about 85%. The Party itself is only interested in their labor power, because the Proles are mainly employed in the industry and in the farms (Gerenser). A society cannot exist without a working class, and therefore it is the only reason why the Proles are still around. In 1984, Winston begins to realize that the Proles may have a simpler and easier life t han that of the Party. While the Outer Party is working andShow MoreRelatedThe Sociological Concept Of ‘Taste’ Allows Us To See How1651 Words   |  7 Pages‘taste’ allows us to see how our styles and mannerisms directly define and structure the societal groups we inhabit. In Stewart’s book ‘Culture, Taste and Value’ (2013) he defines taste, from a common sense perspective, as a purely subjective, private matter (Stewart, 2013). However, in this essay, my aim is to inform the reader of the substantial implications ‘taste’ has as a theoretical framework for explaining societal structures and understanding everyday life. The concept can be seen as more thanRead MoreA Look into Totalitarianism In 1984 by George Orwell1600 Words   |  6 PagesIn the novel 1984, George Orwell portrays a world that has been altered to a state of political control. The lives and thoughts of a population are controlled by the government in 1984. It is impossible to successfully rebel against this type of totalitarian society because of the many scare tactics that rebels have to bear. George Orwell uses 1984 to criticize the devastating effects of totalitarianism, and the dystopia of his scary visions for the future. Within the totalitarian society is fearRead MoreJoseph Stalin And 1984847 Words   |  4 Pageslooking at the fictitious government of Oceania in George Orwell’s 1984 and Joseph Stalin’s Soviet Republic. When looking at the way Stalin ran his regime, as well as the effect it had on the citizens of the nation, it’s clear to see that Orwell may have drawn inspiration from Stalin’s Soviet Union when designing the fictitious Oceania. The quality of living in the Soviet Union at the time was almost identical to that portrayed in 1984. The division of wealth among the people of Oceania also seemedRead MoreThe novels 1984 by Greoge Orwells and Brave New World by Aldous Huxley1459 Words à ‚  |  6 PagesThe need for power and control is the main focus of every government in this world. The novels 1984 and Brave New World show the us how power can go to the leaders heads. The theme of social class is always a main factor and it also determines the future of the people we read about in the novels. Both countries in the novels are ran a certain way, one by fear and the other by love. The technology of both worlds are incredible and decide the future of the citizens in the societies. The theme of everythingRead MoreClass Conflict, By George Orwell And Mockingjay, And Joon Ho s Snowpiercer1317 Words   |  6 PagesClass conflict is a recurring theme in many popular apocalyptic and dystopian works. Whether a conflict with the state or with other classes, class conflict is the driving force for many works in this genre. 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The government achieves its fierce and tight grip of control on the peopleRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s 1984 1045 Words   |  5 PagesAndrea Keefe Honors English 11, Period 3 VanCuran 3/27/2017 1984 Foreword The time period in which 1984 was set was in the year 1984. It was very different from what our â€Å"1984† was like. Even though this book was not based on actual historical events, it does compare to things that happen in our society today. George Orwell also known as Eric Blair was born in 1903 in Motihari, Bengal. Orwell died on January 21st, 1950 in London, United

Life Is An End Activity Based Solely Upon Us Through...

Joel Osteen and Aristotle explain happiness as an end activity based solely upon us through choice, virtue, and character. They do so in exploring the idea of happiness being a choice, whether it is a virtuous activity, and the content of character and if it affects the end result of happiness. Osteen and Aristotle explore ideas that concur and oppose each other, reaching some of the same points; despite living over two thousand years apart. Osteen a very well known pastor, gives a sermon on modern views of how to be happy. He makes it very clear throughout his sermon that happiness is a choice. For example he clearly says, â€Å"Happiness is a choice†. He also states, â€Å"You only allow things you want to frustrate you† here he is implying that you can allow things to frustrate you. If you can allow something to frustrate you, or be unbothered by it then it becomes a choice. Osteen also touches on the subject of your character affecting your happiness. In the video Osteen states, â€Å"Life is to short to live it negative and grumpy† so Osteen is saying that if you live your life negative and grumpy, and that is the outlook you have on life and it’s your character to be that way you wont be happy. The last big point Osteen makes is to stay focused on what you want and be happy and find the good in what you have. One of the quotes he uses for this is, â€Å"If you don t learn to be happy where you are, you’ll never get to where you want to be†. Osteen is saying to be happy where you areShow MoreRelatedBeyond The Edges Of Planet Earth1509 Words   |  7 Pagestravelled to in hopes to revive a once dull and unsatisfying life, Planet Z is an escape. It is an escape from negativity and discomfort that survives in neighboring planets. But how might one get to the point where they truly feel they have reached a fulfilling, happy life? By coming to Planet Z. 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The Changing Role of Budget and Organizational Structure Free Essays

string(150) " based on explorative surveies from several parts around the universe, traditional direction accounting tools are still adopted by bulk of companies\." 1.1 Budget Budget is one of common things that used in day-to-day life, but in accounting position, budget is one of managerial accounting tools to assist directors to pull off good companies through the manner of accounting itself. Based on day-to-day position, budget can be defined as figure of disbursals or addition that reserved by person, through calculating the possibility the sum of money. We will write a custom essay sample on The Changing Role of Budget and Organizational Structure or any similar topic only for you Order Now Through direction accounting position, Drury ( 2008 ) , define budget as elaborate programs for organizing and program of action for assorted activities in the hereafter. Harmonizing to Rajasekaran ( 2010 ) , budget is fiscal programs for the future actions, or it can be defined as future programs that expressed in pecuniary footings. Other than that, CIMA nomenclature ( 2005 ) defines budgeting as the procedure of create, implement and run the budget until the terminal of the budget period. Changing Role of Budget and Organizational Structure As the changing of environment from industrial ages to information ages, the function of direction accounting was altering either. This means that budget as one of direction accounting tools is altering in return. Changing function of budget can be seen from the psychological science position. Budget was used non merely as planning and control tools for a company, but besides as motivational consequence for the workers, even from different organisational degree ( Parker D.L. , 2002, Hoque, 2003, Birnberg J. G. , Luft J. , Shields M. D. , 2007 ) . This motive might assist workers and company to run into the end congruity and the best public presentation of both workers and company. Some research workers besides link the so called relationship with another function, which is information sharing between superior and subsidiaries. Another function of budget in sharing the information to the subsidiaries might increase the public presentation of single worker ( Chong V. and Kar M. C. , 20 02, Parker J. and Kyj L. , 2006, Leach-Lopez M. , Stammerjohan W. and McNair F. M. , 2007, Heath R. and Brown J. , 2007, Su J. T. and Lin W.L, 2007 ) , since they have adequate information related to the occupation itself. Besides, non merely function of budget, but besides the formation of organisational construction, that changed due to environmental alterations. Parker D. L. ( 2002 ) stated that most of companies are traveling to more flexible signifier of organisational construction. Decision-making and budgeting procedure within companies are developing with decentralized and participatory direction manner. This means that workers at different degree of organisational hierarchy can impact the determination in the company, although the power in engagement might be differ for each degree of hierarchy. This can be seen from the research of Majovski I.P. ( 2007 ) , about the direction manner in northern Europe. The consequence proven that most of companies in the part are implementing the flexible and decentralised direction manner. Budget Process Approach The alterations in direction manner might impact the degree of engagement of the budgeting procedure attack in return. Harmonizing to Drury ( 2008 ) , in puting up budget there are three ( 3 ) attack of engagement degree, there are top-down budget, bottom-up budget, and blended attack. Top-down budget is the budget scene that has no or less influence participatory by the subsidiaries or budgetees. Imposed budget is normally used to replace the name of top-down budget. Besides, the low degree directions besides have low power in the engagement and involved in the computations of budget for the top direction. Top-down budget has one chief advantage, which top direction can ever guarantee the end congruity and scheme alliance with the operation. Other than that, top-down budget can cut down the complexness and time-consuming of budgeting procedure. On contrary, it has disadvantages to the budgetee, for illustration, if the budget degree is excessively high and impossible to accomplish, the workers can be de-motivated and create inauspicious public presentation. Disadvantages might besides impact the organisation as a whole, for illustration if the budget degree is excessively easy to achieve, the worker can handle the budget as a box-ticking. Bottom-up budget is the budget scene procedure that allows full engagement from operational degree. Participatory budget is used for replacing the name of bottom-up budget. Normally, top direction give a general budget guideline for the lower director and subsidiaries, so the flows of budget scene development will be started from the lowest degree. Information will be gathered and grouped along the manner to the higher-level director until approved by both of top direction and budget commission. Bottom-up budget may incur extremely complexness and time-consuming for the overall budget scene procedure. Therefore, it might guarantee the committedness of all degree of company ‘s worker. The last attack is the blended attack, which is combination of both imposed budget and participatory budget. This blended attack normally called as negotiated budget. This attack starts with the puting up the fiscal public presentation aim by the top direction and it will be distributed down to lower-level workers. Then, runing directors might roll up informations and make the budget based on the aim every bit good as the lower-level workers. After the budget created, it will be reviewed by top direction to make up one’s mind whether the budget is appropriate and approved. This attack might be insistent, if the budget disapproved by top direction until the concluding credence of budget is reached. Negotiated budget might give the budgetee to work hand in glove and within the end congruity of the company. Slack in budget besides can be reduced, due to the appropriate degree of the budget. This attack requires extremely engineering environment companies in puting up the budget. Problem Statement Traditional budgeting is a common pattern in the corporate universe Research workers are reasoning about the rightness of budget in the current environment in information ages. Hope A ; Fraser ( 2003 ) argue the utility of budget in the current environment state of affairs. They suggest that budget should be abolished and supersedes by another type of managerial accounting tools, viz. beyond budgeting. Thus, based on explorative surveies from several parts around the universe, traditional direction accounting tools are still adopted by bulk of companies. You read "The Changing Role of Budget and Organizational Structure" in category "Essay examples" The grounds of the use of traditional tools like budgeting are due to the higher benefit, simpleness, exchanging cost, and so on ( Pavlatos O. A ; Paggios I. , 2009, Libby T. , Lindsay M. R. , 2009, Uyar A. , Bilgin N. , 2010 ) . Due to the study of those research workers, it means that budgeting is still implemented and adopted in the current environment today, although the function of it could be chan ged. Problem arises within the organisation to in puting up the budget degree to the lower director until the operational degree in the hierarchy. Research workers and theoretician in direction accounting are reasoning each other about the engagement in puting up budgets in impacting motive of the workers every bit good as the sharing of information. Company ‘s directions are besides seeking the best attack in the execution of the budget to actuate and accomplish the best public presentation of all workers and directors in every degree of organisation. Most of research in engagement in budget scene with public presentation done in developed states Based on one of literatures that have been reviewed, Leach-Lopez M. , Stammerjohan W. and Kyoo S.L. , ( 2007 ) , conclude that there is positive relationship between budget engagement on public presentation ( Brownell P. and McIness M. , 1986, Kren, 1992, Kennis I. , 1979, Searfoss A. and Monczka R. , 1973 ) . Leach-Lopez et Al. ( 2007 ) has done this research in different range and samples. The first research range on the Korean directors in US companies and the 2nd research range on the Mexican directors in US companies. In contrast, the former research merely uses the job-relevant information, whereas the latter research uses both job-relevant information and occupation satisfaction as intervening variables. Even though there were so many researches about the relationship between those two, Brownell P. and McIness M. , ( 1986 ) argue that there is no specific proving on this country, although most of the researches give the same relationship. Incompatibility found in the intervening function of motive between the relationship between budget engagement on public presentation Several research workers in the old surveies besides found the positive relationship between budget engagement on public presentation through motive ( Merchant K. 1981, Kennis I. , 1979, Searfoss A. and Monczka R. , 1973 ) . Other than that, Brownell P. and McIness M. , ( 1986 ) did non happen any relationship between the budget engagement with public presentation through motive variable. Kren L. ( 1992 ) besides supports this statement through her research. After Kren ‘s survey, there are several research workers ( Parker J. and Kyj L. 2006, Wong B. , Guo L. and Lui G. 2010, Eker M. , 2006, Chong V. and Kar M. C. , 2002 ) , who try to concentrate on this relationship. The consequence from old researches found an incompatibility of the motive as step ining variable. Result spread in the relationship of job-relevant information as step ining function between budget engagement on public presentation Incompatibilities besides found in the function of information sharing through job-relevant information that found in several literatures. Some research workers based on their findings shows that the consequence on job-relevant information in the relation between budget engagement with public presentation is non excessively important. Thus, some said it might give bravery for the workers to execute good in the plants. Analyze on this country, motive and information sharing, might be required in order to see the cogency of the old surveies. Research Question Most of the researches have been done in the US, there is no important research about this country in Asia part. In order to see the old findings in this country, this research will scope in the Asiatic part, peculiarly South-East Asia part, although some factors are impacting in this surveies, for illustration the difference in civilization, life style, communicating, and so on. Therefore these are chief two inquiries driven from this survey: Is there any relationship between engagement of budget on public presentation within Asiatic workers? Is there any relationship between budget engagement with public presentation through motive? Is there any relationship between budget engagement with public presentation through information sharing? Make the consequence of past researches still valid for current environment? Aim of Study To cognize whether is at that place any relationship between budget engagement with public presentation within Asiatic workers. To find relationship between budget engagement on public presentation through motive. To find relationship between budget engagement on public presentation through information sharing. To compare the consequence of current research with past researches. Significance of Study This survey will give part to concern practicians, particularly top direction of company to put up whether to give power to lower-level workers in engagement on budget scene. Therefore, appropriate degree of engagement and budget degree can be met in the operation, so that company and workers could work in line with the end congruity of the company to accomplish better public presentation. Management will besides cognize the specific relationship of motive and information sharing as step ining variable in the significance with public presentation. Therefore, directors can take whether to use the budget engagement in budget scene or non. Other than that, this survey besides can convey part to academician on the country of behavioural accounting in pattern. Through this research, academicians can see whether the theories on books and other literatures can be applied in Asia part, with other factors impacting the human resource itself. Outline of Dissertation This thesis will be divided into five ( 5 ) chief chapters: Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, Findings A ; Analysis, in conclusion Conclusion and Recommendations. Chapter One – Introduction Introduction gives reader about overview of current issue in budgeting, the changing of environment that affect function of budgeting and organisational construction in the common concern pattern today. Problems that developed under new function of budgeting are assessed through some literatures. Research inquiries and aims of surveies built in this chapter besides. In the terminal, significance of surveies will be given, to guarantee that this survey contributes for specific readers. Chapter Two – Literature Reappraisal In this chapter, literatures from old researches will be assessed in order to give clear image about the specific issue that happened. The issue about the behavioral budget, motive, will be explained in item, along with the relationship with other independent variables. Each of literature will be reviewed in item from its methodological analysis, informations, analysis, consequence, and decisions. Chapter Three – Methodology In this chapter, elaborate method in developing this survey will be explained in item, from type of informations, population, samples, instrument, measuring, hypothesis and the informations analysis program. Chapter Four – Data Analysis, Results A ; Discussion Data collected will be analyzed with the statistical bundle for societal scientific discipline ( SPSS ) . The consequence from analysis will be discussed exhaustively. Chapter Five – Conclusions A ; Recommendations This last chapter will reason all the findings and treatment between the consequences that gathered in informations aggregation. Restriction of the survey will be given, along with the recommendation for other research workers. Future research countries, which non covered in this survey, will be given either. Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW This chapter will depict all the literature gathered under the budget engagement, information sharing, motive and public presentation, along with its relationship from the past researches. Number of research under this country, budget engagement with public presentation has been done in the past clip, during the twentieth century ( Merchant K. 1981, Kennis I. , 1979, Searfoss A. and Monczka R. , 1973, Brownell P. and McIness M. , 1986 and Kren L. 1992 ) . But still, so many research workers replicates those surveies, but with different step ining variables, measuring every bit good as informations analysis. This literature reappraisal consists of three ( 2 ) sub-titles, viz. : Budget Participation on Performance through and Budget Participation on Motivation and Performance through Information Sharing. In the last portion of this chapter, decision and theoretical model of this survey will be provided. Relationship between Budget Participation on Performance through Motivation Number of literatures found in this country is from the past old surveies and less figure of research worker that focal point in this country. Based on literature found, Searfoss D. and Monczka R. ( 1973 ) do this research to analyze the relationship of budget engagement with the motive of the budgetee to courage the public presentation, along with other step ining variables, need for independency and authorianism. This survey uses the primary informations based on questionnaire that distributed to 365 samples with different degrees of workers and directors. Result found that there is a positive relationship between budget engagement on motive. Positive relationship besides found in the organisational place or degree with the degree of budget engagement. But, there is no relationship between other two step ining variables from the findings of the research. Kennis I. ( 1979 ) supports the old research on this country, by keeping the research about the budget engagement, lucidity, feedback, attitudes, and self-rated public presentation between 169 operational directors through questionnaire. Result found that engagement in the budget scene could give the motivational consequence to the workers to accomplish better public presentation. Merchant K. ( 1981 ) has done research to analyze the difference in the budgeting system sing to corporate size, diverseness and decentalisation to be related with motive and attitude toward the budget. Sample size of 170 directors from the companies is collected and responded the questionnaire. Result found that size of corporate give different consequence for each of relationship of the variables. But, by and large positive relationship is found between the engagement toward the attitude of the budget. Eker M. ( 2006 ) established the extend survey of budget engagement on public presentation, with the step ining variable of organisational committedness. Convenience sampling is chosen to pick the samples of 150 companies between top 500 companies in Turkey. Companies were sent a questionnaire consist of three measuring of those variables. The informations were analyzed by utilizing correlativity analysis, factor analysis, multiple arrested development analysis and t-test. Result found that, organisational committedness is a important step ining variable between the relationships of budget engagement with the managerial public presentation. Chong V. and Kar M. C. ( 2002 ) conduct the survey within the directors in Australian companies to analyze the relationship between budget engagement and public presentation, with budget committedness and job-relevant information as intervening variables. Samples of 84 directors were asked to make full up the questionnaire and informations were collected. Result found that, budget engagement can heighten the motive in perpetrating the budget. It besides gives the informational consequence to heighten the job-relevant information to back up the public presentation in the terminal. It supports the past surveies about the double function of budget engagement. The former is motivational effects and the latter is informational consequence. Wong B. , Guo L. and Lui G. ( 2010 ) use the self-government theory ( SDT ) as their footing of research. SDT suggest that engagement needed in the budgeting procedure for the interest of motive, morale, public presentation and occupation satisfaction. In this survey, motive divided into several types, intrinsic, extrinsic, independent and controlled motive. Study has been done in Hongkong by sample size of 101 bank directors through voluntary seminar and questionnaire. Result found that through engagement in budgeting public presentation in the occupation can be increased. On contrary, Brown and McIness ( 1986 ) , did non happen the same thing like above. Through the empirical survey within 224 middle-level directors in Australia, they did non happen any strong relationship between these two variables. Kren L. ( 1992 ) examined the relationship about those variables with other step ining variables in the research. By carry oning interview 80 directors of 500 top companies in USA. She found that there was unobvious relationship between public presentations through motive of budget. Therefore, relationship between budget engagement has positive relationship with public presentation itself. Parker J. and Kyj L. ( 2006 ) develop the survey of the relationship between the budget engagement with public presentation, with the perpendicular information sharing theoretical account between supervisors with subsidiaries in the budgeting procedure. Other than information sharing, organisational committedness and function ambiguity were tested in this survey as step ining variables. Data aggregation within sample size of 70 directors with subsidiaries has been done through questionnaire. The informations were tested with the way analysis with a consequence of the important relationship between the budgetary engagement with public presentation, through step ining variable of information sharing. Other step ining variables were found non important with the chief variables. Relationship between Budget Participation on Performance through Information Sharing Chong V. and Kar M. C. ( 2002 ) in the same survey like explained in the old sub-chapter were reasoning that the budget engagement through information sharing of job-relevant information might assist the subsidiaries to work good and accomplish better public presentation. Parker J. and Kyj L. ( 2006 ) in the surveies like explained in the old sub-chapter besides examine the informational sharing consequence of job-relevant information in the budget engagement that could increase the public presentation of the worker that can non be found in the other intervening variables. Leach-Lopez M. , Stammerjohan W. and McNair F. M. ( 2007 ) follows and spread out Kren L. ( 1992 ) past surveies on this country. They distinguish the consequence of the budget engagement with public presentation straight and indirectly. Other than that, other step ining variables, occupation relevant information and occupation satisfaction, besides introduced here. The survey conducted within 143 Mexican and American mid-managers in US companies. The analysis was utilizing the past research workers theoretical account, like way theoretical account correlativity, t-test, robustness trial and p-value trial. Findingss show that, there is strong relationship between public presentations in budget engagement. The difference that the writers research than the past researches is the causal mechanism that associating those two variables. The intervening variables, job-relevant information that affects the relationship between independent and dependent variables is alterations with the degre e of bilingual ability of the Mexican directors. However, another step ining variable, occupation satisfaction did non give a important relation with those variables. Leach-Lopez M. , Stammerjohan W. and Kyoo S. L. ( 2007 ) survey is a reproduction of the surveies of old literature by Leach-Lopez M. , Stammerjohan W. and McNair F. M. ( 2007 ) with the same variables and informations analysis in the surveies. The difference in this survey is the samples, by utilizing Korean directors in the US companies, respondents of 71 directors respond for the questionnaire. The findings show the same things as old research, but causal mechanism in the intervening variables is different with the past samples. In this survey, consequence shows that there is important function of the occupation satisfaction as step ining variable between budget engagement with public presentation between Korean directors. Heath R. and Brown J. ( 2007 ) conducted an drawn-out survey from old research Kren L. ( 1992 ) within 259 workers through questionnaire to analyze the relationship between budget engagement with personal public presentation. But, they manage to associate other variables, job-relevant information and self-efficacy, as step ining variable. Arrested development analysis, coefficient analysis every bit good as t-test have been done for the analysis of the information gathered. Result found that, all those variables are related each other with positive relationship within all degrees of direction in the organisation. Su J. T. and Lin W.L ( 2007 ) clears the spread of the incompatibility in several accounting literatures about the consequence of public presentation in the budget engagement with step ining variable, information dissymmetry. This survey was held in Taiwan, with a sample size of 168 employees, through questionnaire. Path analysis and correlativity analysis used for analysing the information of the respondents. Based on the findings, the past surveies about the positive relationship between budget engagement on public presentation were proven. Information dissymmetry besides establishes positive relationship as an intervening variable. If the variable is present, public presentation will increase and frailty versa. Adler R. W. and Reid J. ( 2008 ) survey about the wider range of the consequence of non merely the budget engagement, but besides leading manner on occupation public presentation and satisfaction. Through questionnaire, 40 middle-level director in New-Zealand companies answer the inquiry. Consequence after the information analysis of dependability testing and stepwise arrested development shows that there is relationship between all variables that tested. However, the leading manner shows no relationship as chairing variable with the occupation public presentation of the worker. Decision Majority of the past researches done by making cross-sectional surveies in this country, so causal relationship can non be found in all of the surveies. This is could be the unfavorable judgments that occur in the survey. Low generalizability besides being an restriction on the survey. Since most of the surveies about the relationship between engagement in budget scene on public presentation have been done in USA and give the same consequence, survey in the other part might be needed to research in other part. Other than that, information sharing and motive as an intervening variable could be needed answer the incompatibilities in the past surveies. Theoretical Model Based on the past literatures, theoretical model between the variables in the survey can be developed as a diagram as follows: Engagement in budgeting procedure as independent variable will impact positively to public presentation as dependent variable. Motivation could work as step ining variable in this model. From the past findings, motive that related by engagement in budget procedure can impact positively to the public presentation. But still, some research workers found different consequence in the survey. Motivation in this survey can be in signifier of budget committedness. Other than that, function of budget engagement as information sharing could be in signifier of job-relevant information, merely like the old surveies. A spread was found in this function of engagement in budgeting, nevertheless most of research workers treat the job-relevant information as a positive related with the public presentation. How to cite The Changing Role of Budget and Organizational Structure, Essay examples

Does the World End Here It’s the People’s Choice free essay sample

The enormous control that people have on the health of the earth has become a major problem. It is the duty the people of every nation to decide on whether they choose to continue with their ways and watch the world crash before their eyes or to do something to prevent the end from coming. â€Å"Perhaps the World Ends Here†, by Joy Harjo, exemplifies the relationship between her people, the Native Americans, and the earth. Her poem shows how all societies need the â€Å"gifts of earth† (Harjo 548) to survive and yet they have nothing to give back to the earth. Harjo uses a combination of metaphors, allusions, and symbolism to emphasize the fact that people of all ethnicities should realize the impact they are able to have on the earth and how they set the stage for the future generations. Metaphors are repetitively used to allow there to be multiple interpretations regarding how significant ones actions can transform their country. In the words of prolific writer of songs and poetry, Joy Harjo â€Å"the world begins at a kitchen table† (Harjo 548). A kitchen table is usually seen as the center of a household. Then perhaps, Harjo is literally speaking of a kitchen table or the kitchen table may be a representative form of a house, a capitol of a country, or even the heart of a human being. She allows for this wide variety of interpretation due to the fact that if one is willing to change their ways for the better of their country then where they start is their choice. They may start by changing themselves or they may begin by working to change their government. However, if one does not choose to change their ways, Harjo warns â€Å"our dreams drink coffee with us as they put their arms around our children† (Harjo 548). Our dreams, what people want their life to be like, will be passed to our children because we haven’t awakened them yet. Just as one might need a cup or two of coffee to function for the day, our dreams require us to act as their coffee and take the effort to make them come true. The symbolism in this poem demonstrates how an individual might precede to change the way they choose to live. To initiate this, Harjo states that â€Å"the gifts of earth are brought and prepared, set on the table. So it has been since creation, and it will go on† (Harjo 548). The gifts of earth represent everything a human being takes from nature and their country in order to survive. They have taken food, cotton, coal, water, and gold from the ground that they live on and humans always will take from nature. Now the question that remains is how nature is supposed to recover and forever provide these things. It is the older generations’, according to Joy Harjo to give the children of their country instructions on what it means to be human (Harjo 548). In other words, the parents and grandparents must teach the future generations to give back to nature, so that it may endlessly sustain them. To rephrase Joy Harjo’s words, a person’s â€Å"table† is a place to protect them from dangers like a house in the rain or an umbrella in the sun (548). Allusions allow the readers to picture events that have already occurred and show examples of why people have a duty to change their ways. â€Å"Wars have begun and ended at this table. It is a place to hide in the shadow of terror. A place to celebrate the terrible victory† (Harjo 548) alludes to the conflicts and peaceful negotiations that have occurred. â€Å"We chase chickens and dogs away from it. Babies teethe at the corners. They scrape their knees under it† (Harjo 548). These statements suggest to the fact that people of one country will fight for their land and homes so that they may raise their children there. All of the effects that people might have on their country, family, and even themselves are exemplified by Joy Harjo’s use of literary terms. Whether it is a singular person, a small group, or an entire country they can affect nature the only difference is the amount of damage they cause. Thus everyone should ask themselves, what type of issues should my family and I be focusing on to change? The apparent problems are global warming, pollution, and war. These directly damage nature, whether they contaminates the air, water, or destroys plants and soil nutrition. Yet another matter that indirectly harms our environment and people do not usually consider are diseases. When an individual becomes ill, the medicine they must take to feel well again is made of herbs and other natural materials. Is there anything an individual can do to change the future, if so then what? There are ways to also help future generations make sure that the world doesnt end here. The first step is to take action by recycling, donating items others need, riding a bike to work. Even if people are not able do all of these things, even the small actions count. However, if an individual is capable of changing their own lifestyle, then go further. Encourage more to join the cause; make sure the world does not end here. The more that participate to take care of the earth, the better the earth will take care of them. To ensure that the â€Å"gifts of earth† (Harjo 548) will always be available the younger generations must be taught how they can take care of nature but also the extreme importance this task is. Human existence is at the mercy of the wellbeing and development of the earth.

Susan Faludi And Backlash Essays - Susan Faludi, Backlash

Susan Faludi and Backlash I AM NOT A BARBIE DOLL. Before you even start reading, these capital letters catch your eye. To add more, she tells us it was held up by a little girl, which plays with our emotions. Susan Faludi uses very great strategies to grab attention. Facts, strong words, emotion, and outside sources. She adds more drama to her subject. When you read the handout, you can hear the sad background music and see the pictures of suffering women. Faludi keeps interest throughout the introduction. She does not leave any spots that allow our minds to wander and think about other subjects. It is very dense, meaning that it is not just a few sentences filled in with repetition and words to drag out the paragraph. The introduction has a great set up. Faludi begins with a fact, something we cannot doubt. Then we get a little history, followed by a quote from another book. She adds another fact, one in which emotion is involved. The finish states her argument when she has our undivided attention. With this great structure, you can hear Faludi on the podium arguing her point to hundreds of audience members. The reading gives facts that cannot be argued with. "They are half (in fact, now more then half) of the national population..." Faludi lists examples and quotes that get your mind on the subject immediately. She lists things that are real like dates, events, books, and people. Susan Faludi carefully picks strong words and phrases: Feminist, capacity, fighting, independence, free, define, be forced to choose, public justice, private happiness. "...a simply worded sign hoisted by a little girl..." If she were to use less colorful words, it would lose interest and sound too informative. Arguments that are stated well with colorful words is what gets people who do not care to start showing some interest. It gets the person who began reading, and would usually end halfway through, to keep going until they reached the end; then think of how the subject affects them. Susan Faludi uses many strategies and blends them together which makes the argument very effective. They will persuade you to think about her point and see the picture from her view.

resevoir dogs essays

resevoir dogs essays "I don't give a fuck what you know or don't know, but I'm gonna torture you anyway, regardless. Not to get information. It's so amusing for me to torture a cop. All you can do is pray for a quick death, which you This guy was the most twisted and sickly perverted guy in the whole movie. He had no reservations about killing people. He was brutal. He loved torture and death. By his own admission he liked to see the peoples' expressions when they died. He was totally ruthless. He had no conscience. I can't really explain why I liked this character so much. I don't EVER want to be like him or do the things he did. There was just something attractive about all his negative personality traits. Before he really getting into torturing the cop, he casually turns on the radio as if he some music to accompany the grizzly acts he was about to commit. He was a man who insisted on having total control. He liked controlling situations and people. When they were in the jewelry store he advised the employees not to hit the alarm. When they did, he started them. This was his way of regaining control of the situation. At the same he was acting out this concept, he was actually totally out of control. He went fucking crazy in the store. He slaughtered the people lined up in the store like he was shooting clay ducks in a local carnival shooting gallery. I know this is a contradiction, but Mr. Blonde was a contradiction of himself. He had double standards. He hated the cop just because he was a cop. He didn't recognize him as a real person. Mr. Pink and Mr. White confirm this at the warehouse when they discuss him shooting REAL people, which cops are not. They say he just went crazy. They seemed to fear his craziness. His calm facade was a cover for the monstrous things he did to ...

Cross-border Merger and Acquisitions, Ideal Currency, Impact of the Assignment

Cross-border Merger and Acquisitions, Ideal Currency, Impact of the Global Financial Crisis - Assignment Example By definition, mergers and acquisitions can be described as the purchase of a company’s ownership or part of its assets by another company. In other words, these types of transactions imply that existing assets are consolidated in a new shape. More often than not, the process of asset recombination occurs whenever corporate assets are not used in the best possible way (Depamphilis, 2013). Hence, the combination of two or more assets should be more valuable and worthwhile than the sum of its parts. The process of cross-border mergers and acquisitions can be organized into a logical sequence of steps that should be conducted in order to come up with a set of meaningful and feasible strategic alternatives (Evenett, 2003). There are common elements that are pertinent when undertaking cross-border mergers and acquisitions namely; identification and valuation, payment of the transaction, and post-acquisition management Vadapalii, 2007). The use of these elements was evident in the merger of British Petroleum and Amoco. This deal was considered to be among the largest cross-border mergers and acquisitions to be executed on American soil (Bruner, 2004). It all began with identification and valuation; whereby, the process of establishing the target market comes way before the identification of the target firm. If a firm would want to venture in a highly developed market, perhaps it would be prudent to go for public listed firms. Such firms are considered to have market structures that are well-defined as well as operational and financial data that are within the public domain (Kang, 2000).

Self assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Self assessment - Essay Example responsible.) In addition, she has become even more mature due to her experiences away from home like her trips to Mexico and Rome. (†¦ we can.) I, personally, respect how she takes the initiative when she is passionate about something, for example the revival of the Classics Club, and how she already knows what she wants in life at this age. (She has an†¦. ) (†¦Renaissance study. A deeper level of this study plays an important role.) Our daughter is interested in Ancient History, Archaeology and Classic Studies so it is necessary that she becomes part of an institution which can help cultivate this interest. (†¦ advantage.) We do not think a denial will discourage our daughter. Helena has proved that she is a determined individual when in the pursuit of her goals. She faced a lot of difficulty when she tried to re-open the Classics Club and there also challenges living away from home but she faced these head-on. She is a resilient young woman so we know she can handle denial gracefully. †¦. (came voluntarily.) It is nice to see her continuous devotion to her passions – writing and humanities. It is also good that even with all the technology around her, Helena has not let these advances deter her from her

Kuwait Liberation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Kuwait Liberation - Research Paper Example Iraq’s invasion in Kuwait turned the Middle East into a war zone. This paper intends to discuss the history of Iraq’s invasion, and the criminal and political activities that occurred during the whole phase of war. MLA referencing style has been used properly, and the report is summarized in a concluding paragraph. Iraq had been in war with Iran, before invasion in Kuwait. The Iran-Iraq war, that spread over eight years, was devastating for Iraq. At the launch of war, Iraq had ample hard currency reserves; but at the end of war, the Iraqi nation was in debt of $80 billion (Klein). Iraq had to pay beck this debt to Kuwait and Saudi Arabia. Meanwhile, Kuwait had been mounting up 900 square miles of Iraqi land, by moving its border forward with Iraq northward. This moving forward of Kuwait’s border was irreversible. Kuwait gained access to Rumaila oil reserve and Iraqi oil field, by using drilling equipment of the Santa Fe Drilling Corporation of Alhambra, Californi a. Kuwait also became a reason of dropping down of Iraqi oil prices. Iraq’s main source of earning was petroleum whose price kept on fluctuating due to international production of petroleum. Kuwait tended to undermine OPEC quotas by increasing its oil production under the guidance of the United States. Due to this, the price of Iraqi oil went down from $28 per barrel to $11 per barrel (Klein), which damaged Iraq’s economy greatly. Iraq appealed to Saudi Arabia and other Middle East countries to stick to the OPEC production levels. Iraq’s appeals were met by USA’s navy buildup in the Persian Gulf. Still, Kuwait continued to increase its oil production, which harmed not only Iraq’s economy but also its own. Kuwait refused to return Iraq’s territory that it had accumulated during the Iraq-Iran war; rejected the production quotas; refused to stop driving oil from Rumaila oil reserve and selling it at low prices; and, rejected the idea of relinqu ishing Iraq’s debt. All these events raised tension between the two countries, finally leading to Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait on August 2, 1990. However, the United Nations protested against Iraq’s invasion, and instructed Iraq to withdraw its forces from Kuwait (Hussein, Ramadan & Aziz 85). On August 6, 1990, four days after the invasion had occurred, the United Nations Security Council passed a resolution (known as Resolution 661 of 1990), that imposed wide-ranging sanctions on Iraq, and created a committee that supervised those sanctions and made sure that Iraq withdrew its forces from Kuwait. The resolution showed concern with the heavy loss of lives in Kuwait due to Iraq’s invasion; and, showed determination to put Iraq’s invasion to an end, liberating Kuwait and its sovereignty, self-government, and territorial integrity. The United Nations Security Council passed 12 resolutions, starting from August 6, 1990 till November 29, 1990. The last res olution was Resolution 678 (1990) which stated that, in case Iraq fails to comply with the resolution regarding withdrawal of its forces from Kuwait by January 15, 1991, this would result in authorization of all member states in support of Kuwait to force Iraq to put an end of invasion, and to restore peace in the Middle East. USA never seriously protested with high-profile military demonstrations at the beginning of Iraq’s invasion, and kept a public silence. USA kept on issuing public statements stressing the point that it had no defense

Impact Of Social Networking Sites On Brand Promotion Marketing Essay

Impact Of Social Networking Sites On Brand Promotion Marketing Essay If considering the example of Skoda, it gives the substantial results for such instance. Skoda has created the community of about 2000 people through social media. This community was started when a female customer has posted its comment about the after sales services of Skoda and a person has picked this comment and posted it on social networking site (Muncaster, 2007). It is not only the corporate biggies who have used social networking sites as a medium to promote their brand but also a phenomena of retailing the designers label to increase the brand awareness among the target customers. Looking at the importance of social networking, this research aims to analyzing the impact of social networking sites on brand promotion. This chapter provides the brief introduction about the research study, including the aims and objectives of the research, significance of the research and rationale behind conducting this research study. Aims and Objectives of the Research: The aim of this research is to analyze the impact of social networking sites on brand promotion. In order to fulfill the aim of the research, researcher has laid down following research objectives which has been achieved in this research as a part of research aim. To understand the importance of social networking websites in branding strategy To determine the advantage of using social media in marketing and branding To understand the current and future scope viability of social media To identify the strategies of companies using social media as a medium for promoting their brand In order to achieve the above research objectives, the research has addressed the following research questions in this study. RQ1: What is the importance of social networking sites in branding and marketing? RQ2: What are the advantages for a marketer in using social media for its marketing and branding strategy? RQ3: What is the current and future scope viability of social media? RQ4: What are the strategies used by companies for using social media in promoting their brands among the target customers? Significance of the Research: This research study is contributing significantly in the studies of marketing and brand management where the researcher has provided some key facts about the current usage of social networking sites in brand promotion and marketing. The research findings will help the marketers to understand the advantage of using social media as a medium for promoting their brands and they can integrate these findings in preparing their brand strategy. In addition to this, the research work provided the base for future academic researchers to conduct the research in the social networking space in relation to the marketing and branding management. Rationale behind the Research: Reason for conducting this research is to get the deeper insight about how the companies are using social networking websites for promoting their brand and in what ways they are making it effective among the target customers. In this way researcher would be able to get greater learning in the field of marketing and brand management and can integrate these findings into its professional career. Chapter Scheme of the Research: It is essential to divide the complete research into sub sections or chapters to get the sequential understanding of every step taken by the research for completing the research. Therefore researcher has segregated the complete research into fiver chapters. First chapter of the research provide the brief introduction about the research. Second chapter provided the literature of the research. Third chapter includes the research methodology. Fourth chapter provided the discussion, analysis and findings of the research. Last and fifth chapter includes the conclusion drawn by the research from the key findings and provided the recommendation to marketers. Summary: There is a latest trend of using social networking sites for brand promotion however the businesses are realizing slowly of using social networking sites for brand promotion. The aim of this research is to analyze the impact of social networking sites on brand promotion. Social network affect the purchase decision making process of consumers which make the difference in the branding and marketing strategies. However social networking websites are useful for the marketers to increase the brand awareness and product awareness. Reason for conducting this research is to get the deeper insight about how the companies are using social networking websites for promoting their brand. This chapter provided the brief introduction of the researcher to the reader. Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1 Introduction: Social networking sites such as Facebook (400 million users worldwide) and Orkut (100 million), or the micro-blogging site Twitter (which crossed 10 billion tweets recently) may offer engaging distractions to the average user. But the numbers add up to a dizzying truth for brands: social networking sites (SNS) and sites like Twitter are prodigiously fertile spaces to harvest ad business. Adgully speaks to Indias leading brand nurturers and digital agencies to understand how they are leveraging the networking revolution. Social Networking soon became a way for brand Marketing and promotion on social sphere, whereby, the enterprises started using these online communities or websites for developing contacts and driving traffic to their respective websites. Today, these social networking websites form the main tool of social media marketing. The most commonly used websites that have become drastically popular over last couple of years are Twitter and Facebook. Following these two are som e other sites such as LinkedIn, My Space, Digg and StumbleUpon (Adler Kwon, 2002).   Facebook is a Social Networking Site which helps friends and colleagues to share dialogues with each other through Wall Posts, Messages and Comments. Today, Facebook has more than 350 million members and still counting. This site experiences more than two million clicks per day. Statistics state that users spend an average of 20 minutes per day in Facebook. The advanced functionalities of Facebook allow the users a longer shelf life. A user can view your files which are more than five years old. With such wonderful features, Facebook soon became one of the lethal tools of SMM and SMO. Businesses, especially small scale business houses started using the medium of Facebook to promote their brands and services. Setting up a business page and initiating and regulating interactions with the visitors are some of the strategies that business houses adhere to, in Facebook (Alba, 2003). 2.2 Popularity of Social Networking Sites in Developing Countries: The online penetration is just 3-4 per cent, and less than 1 per cent of our total population has a Facebook account. And the percentage of people using Twitter is even smaller. Mehra said that despite the percentages, developing countries like India were already the 5th largest consumer of Twitter in the world, owing largely to Bollywoods enthusiasm for it. And we are in the Top 10 list of consumers of Facebook. Rahul Mehta, the business head of Chings Secret, said, There are approximately 5 crore Indians and 1 crore NRIs online. Facebook alone has 1.2 crore Indians and 40 lakh NRIs. Mehta said the RoI on social media was substantially higher than what was offered by traditional media (Albrecht Adelman, 2007). These numbers are comparable to most national newspapers, Mehta said. Facebook is best place to reach Sec A+, A and B+. With internet penetration deepening, the numbers will rise in the next three to four years, he said. Chings Secret has 98,826 (and counting) fans on Faceboo k. Khushboo Maheshwari, the head (digital) of OMD, said, Today, 5% of Indian population has an online presence and it is growing at a rate of 35% CAGR. In other words, 50 million users have a presence on social media. And the numbers were growing, Maheshwari said. With the government planning to spend Rs18,000 crore over the next three years to lay a 5 lakh km optic fibre cable network to reach every gram panchayat, the growth rate is going to touch 100% CAGR, Maheshwari said. Mobile, web, and broadband will be critical to the growth in the coming years, Maheshwari said. Mihir Ferrao, who looks into Social Media Optimization and ORM at Starcom IP feels that Internet in India needs to grow by at least 20 to 25% year on year, to shake off the constant comparisons with TV and Print (Alkire, Collum, Kaswan, Love, 2008). He said, The only reason why we do not get a fare share of advertising budgets is because, next to the reach penetration of TV or Print, we are very small. But if we look at the concentration of brand TGs on TV Internet, then surely the Internet will have higher traction. Sagar Dhoke, the founder of Fun Element said that the e-revolution had helped to bridge the gap between the product and the end consumer, be it for a movie or an FMCG product. As for the group being targeted online by marketers, Ritesh Patel, the brand manager of CEAT, said, Social media has indeed proved to be a very useful medium for a brand like CEAT. He said that CEAT aspired to be a youthful brand and it finds complete match of TG in this medium (Arabie, 2004). 2.3 The Approach: Sandeep Singh, the business head of Quasar, said that promotional activities designed for online platforms could be a campaign lead in which the target audience is engaged for a specific purpose and for a short duration. Or, brands could choose a more strategic and long-term initiative. In a campaign lead, the idea is to use social media platforms to create a buzz and receive feedback from the community represented by the target audience, Singh said. Strategic initiatives involve the management of social presence from brands online-reputation standpoint, and the use of social platforms as a medium of continued dialogue with the prospects and customers. Singh said experience suggested that the one-size-fits-all approach did not work. Every product and campaign needs a different approach and activation strategy, he said (Bainbridge, Brent, Carley, Heise, Macy, Markovsky, Skvoretz, 1994). Maheshwari of OMD described one of the agencys typical media activities. Motilal Oswal Financial Services Limited has been quite active on the social media, Maheshwari said. We have uploaded Wealth Creation Study (WCS) Videos on You Tube and also created a Linked In event page for the WCS awards ceremony. Besides, we also have a scribed page where we have uploaded different annual WC Studies. The creation of Wikipedia pages on the Motilal Oswal Group, on Motilal Oswal and Raamdeo Agrawal had been completed, Maheshwari said. As a result of these activities, seven out of 10 results on Google are owned and controlled by Brand Motilal Oswal for the search Wealth Creation Study, Maheshwari said (Baker Hubert, 2001). Zapak has carried out several similar campaigns; Axe, Ponds, and Mahindra campaigns which used a mix of available options are among the most successful Zapak works. Mehra listed the focus areas: Fan pages and groups, gaming and other fun applications on platforms like Orkut and Facebook, an active handle on Twitter. Mehra said it was essential to link the APIs (application programming interface) like OpenID and Facebook Connect to ones site to promote easy communication and conversations (Barabasi, 2002). Chings Secret advertises regularly on Facebook and YouTube, the brands Mehta said. But a lot of traffic has been generated virally because of the content, quizzes, contests on Facebook. He said that in the end, social media was a long-term strategic investment. It is not brand building but genuine relationship creation and maintenance, he said. And like any relationship, it takes time to build. Describing the two aspects of promotion social applications and paid advertising -they use both options equally well. For Emotional Attyachar, social advertising was placed on Facebook and other sites. And we also released an application on Facebook, Mistry said. Applications turn on engagement to high levels, users get to communicate with the brand, and they understand the values of the shows. On the other hand, advertising draws people who are unexposed to the brand. So the two options serve different purposes and we use as much of both as they can (Barnlund Harland, 2005). Patel of CEAT said that any one people-engagement tactic would not work in isolation. If they create a fantastic social application and do not promote it, it will die a natural death owing to the lack of critical mass required to give it a viral effect. Similarly, only paid advertising will fail to generate brand interaction with consumers which is the essence of social media. Such a tactic would evoke the fee ling of a one-night stand and customer would probably not engage with the brand in question in the future. Starcom IPs Ferrao, also said that lots of their clients are slowly waking up to the fact that social media is a growing phenomena in India. Some of their clients whom they have brought onto the social space are Himalaya Herbal Tea and Foster, while they are enhancing the social presence of brands like Tata Teleservices and Pantaloons. The results they have got, in terms of fans on Facebook and followers on Twitter etc. have given the client reasons to be excited. And has initiated thoughts of how do they leverage these groups further (Bernard Killworth, 2003). 2.4 Pros and Cons: Every platform has certain advantages and disadvantages, so its a question any longer of them wanting to be on it or not. The advantages are varied: right from being able to monetize certain things to being able to put your content out there; to getting feedback from users. In the past, people could not connect to a brand on a one-on-one basis, but social media allowed that to happen. Most brands feel that going to SNS will put their brands up for public scrutiny, which is considered a disadvantage. But it is considering that to be an advantage because it gives them a good reality check to improve your product or service. But on this channel, Singh warned, one wrong step could snowball into something highly detrimental to ones brand, in matter of minutes. So they should learn to do it well than not doing it at all, as you cant run away from such platforms if their consumers are flocking them (Bonacich, 2002). They will have to embrace them today or tomorrow. SNS can definitely contri bute to making or breaking the brand image. Brands should be very cautious in venturing into SNS. While developing games for the brands, Dhoke suggests subtle branding techniques to his clients. Constant hammering of the product is a complete turn-off to the player and user, he said. Same applies to social applications and games. The app should highlight the main features of the app in a very exciting way rather than in the brochure style. Maheshwari endorsed Dhokes assertion about treading carefully. Yes, a single bad comment or rumor can severely damage the reputation that a brand like MOFSL has taken great pains to establish over the years, Maheshwari said. Also since SNS connect users from different parts of the world, it takes little to no time for bad news to spread. Patel strongly believes that a consumers negative feedback could be used to create customer delight. Today, more and more brands are engaging directly with consumers through various discussion forums, networking sites and forums to understand their expectations (Borgatti Everett, 1999) Ferrao of Starcom IP sees the clear advantage of social networking sites in the entire brand experience which one can bring to the consumer. He said, With Facebook and Twitter, you can communicate so many brand properties to those people who want to listen! he believes that by doing so, you know the effort is not going to waste and that your initiatives could actually lead to sales (Burt, 2008). 2.5 The Future: Patel also highlighted the fact that only a select age group was active in social media. While Youngistan is spending more time online, the older age group is not very active yet. Also, online options are more popular in metro and tier-II cities. Internet penetration is still an issue in rural India. But Dhoke sees things differently. Things will change in the next five to six years. When 3G is operational, the number of internet users will grow by about 25-35%. It is estimated that by 2013, India will have the third largest Internet user base. Singh goes a step further and says that as in the West, the audience is now online. When you refer to the audience, these are the guys with high disposable incomes and spending power. These guys are online for sure. And most brands are eying their wallets. If you talk about numbers, we still have some way to go to before the medium reaches the masses. The Indian audience was enjoying the internet and its offerings. Gaming is an offering that h as now become a passion among the youth (Carley Krackhardt, 1996). The online gaming industry is growing and how! Year-on-year, they are recording a rise in the number of gamers in the country. Zapak, which was started just three years ago, already had 7 million unique registered users, and continues to grow. Soon, there will be a day when the online Indian farmers on Farmville will outnumber all the real farmers of our country put together. Other than Twitter and Facebook, there are couples of other websites that have gained immense popularity. LinkdIn is a professional social media website where a stream of professional gets the chance to review and interact with their counterparts. With more than 50 lacs people registered with this site, LinkedIn offers a solid platform for establishing new business relationships. LinkdIn by facilitating more of a personal communication between the business professionals can help the business as a whole. MySpace also have a massive impact in the social networking world. Once registered with MySpace, a user can not only inform the entire networking circle about their likes and dislikes but can also submit videos. A lot of personal stuffs can also be added to the site, and an active mode of communication can be initiated. MySpace also helps in Social Media Marketing by enabling the businesses to create their own profile page and communities and develop interactive dialogues with targeted mass of people. This enables in building brand awareness and can be of immense help to small business houses. Social media and networking Sites have not only contributed to take inter-personal communication to a different level, but also have been a great marketing tool for the small businesses. Well planned approach to social media marketing via social networking sites can be of great help in promoting the business, create proper brand awareness and in the end, meet the ultimate business ends. A business house must have proper expertise and planning to approach in the network so as to reap the fruits of benefits to the very best (Cartwright Harary, 2007). 2.6 Spreading brand awareness: We all know word-of-mouth propagation is a great way of spreading your brand awareness. This is what social network can do. As soon as brand becomes recognizable to a large number of customers, they start discussion about the product. Maximum people who are satisfied with the product they often post their comments through these social networking, which encourage other customer to buy the product. Big companies create a blog in relation with the social network to give customer a wide area to discuss about product and give reviews. This way social network spread your brand awareness to millions of customer online (Cohen Prusak, 2001). 2.7 Engage customer interest: A social media website is ideally suited for product discussions, demonstrations, and showcasing of expertise and quality. Businesses can engage the interest of customers from a global market and build a powerful brand image. People will become fans of your website, product or business because they choose to; Make them feel comfortable with this decision by posting quality information. Talking about online business, social networking is a great opportunity to keep your site busy by attracting potential customer with well developed networking strategies. Organizations are already making use of new and creative way to utilize the massive popularity of various social media to promote their particular product. The additional benefit is the long-term impact on business revenue through brand management. Social media websites are just right for business marketers to spot potential customers (Eveland Bikson, 2007). But in order to get benefit from social networking, business owner should study to handle their social networking assets carefully. Most famous social networking sites like facebook, twitter and my space are the great for carrying your message to abroad. But new businesses must always remember that benefits from social networking solely include arduous work (Crane, 2009). 2.8 Summary: A social network is a social structure made up of individuals or organizations called nodes, which are connected by one or more specific types of mutuality, such as friendship, common interest, financial exchange, dislike relationships of beliefs, knowledge or prestige. It was initially intended to make friendship and stay connected with colleagues, but now days every businessman would have known how important social networking is for their business. Mainly online business has made social networking a priority as well. Premier Websites have made it possible for businesses to develop their contact lists, handle their relationships and created the ideas of viral marketing. It is because Shopping and social networking Web sites gather a lot of information about online users, and has become tremendously useful for companies to track and model consumer behavior. Businesses are looking to companies like Twitter, MySpace and Facebook to help companies to sell more products and services. Let s see how it makes an impact on your business in reality (Fararo Skvoretz, 2004). Chapter 3: Research Methodology Introduction: A research methodology enables the researcher to get the right direction in achieving the research aim and objectives. Therefore it is important for the researcher to understand the different research methods available and making the right selection of the appropriate research component to design the complete research methodology. This chapter provides the detailed explanation of the research methodology that has been used by the researcher for this particular research. The aim of this research is to analyze the impact of social networking website on brand promotion which requires a robust research methodology. Research Methodology: Before moving further, a research first needs to understand the difference between exploratory and explanatory research and make the appropriate selection between them. Exploratory research is useful where the research wants to conclude the research through in-depth and detailed discussion about the research objectives and findings of the research. On the other hand explanatory research is useful where the researcher conclude the research based on the key facts and using statistical measures without having in-depth discussions. Here the research wants to conduct the analyses to understand the impact of social networking websites on brand promotion therefore it requires statistical measures to conduct the impact analyses. Hence researcher has used explanatory research in this study. Research Design: There are the various authors who have provided the approach to design the suitable research methodology. However the most relevant research methodology design is given by Saunders et al (2003) by developing the research onion. Each layer of this research onion provided the research component and selecting the research components gives the complete design of the research. Research has used the research onion developed by Saunders et al (2003) for designing the research methodology. Description of selecting the research components by using research onion is provided in the following section. Research Approach: Research approach is chosen from the first layer of the research onion. A research can go for deductive, abductive or inductive research approach. In this research, researcher has used abductive research approach which enables the researcher to get the deeper understanding of research objective and need of correlating the literature with key findings of the research. Other research approaches such as inductive and deductive approach has been rejected by the research since both the approaches more focused towards the theoretical implications and less towards the practical implication of the research. Research Philosophy: Research can select the research philosophy by removing the second layer of the research onion. There are the two research philosophies such as positivism and interpretivism research philosophy. Interpretivism research philosophy is useful where the researcher interpret the study results using literature and less focused towards the practical implications of the research study. Since the research approach used by the researcher is abductive which requires the practical implication hence interpretivism research philosophy is irrelevant. In positivism research philosophy researcher only considers the practical implication along with the use of literature to be linked with research findings. Hence in this research, researcher has used the positivism research philosophy. Research Strategy: Research strategy can be chosen by removing third layer of the research onion. Research strategy enables the researcher to conduct the analysis and presenting the key findings of the research. In addition to this research decides on methods of data collection. A research can use survey questionnaire methods or face to face interview method to collect the data. It is essential to capture the views of marketing managers about the impact of social networking websites in brand promotion. Hence the research has used survey questionnaire method for collecting the data. Once the data is collected, a researcher needs to understand the way of conducting the analysis and presenting the data. In this research, research has used question by question analysis and drawn the conclusion. Research has used both the secondary and primary data in this research and method for each of type of data is described below: Data Collection Methodology: Secondary data is the data which is already existed in the published format. On the other hand primary data is the data which is not available and researcher collect the information using questionnaire method from the relevant respondents. In this study, researcher has collected both the secondary and primary data. The methodology description of collecting each type of data is provided below: Secondary Data: Secondary data in this research has been collected using various secondary sources such as academic journals which have been procured from the university library, books, news articles, web articles, company websites and general internet search. Secondary has been used to compile the literature in this research. Primary Data: In order to capture the view points of marketing managers towards the impact of social networking websites, the data has been collected using primary research. In primary research, researcher has prepared the quantitative questionnaire and administered the questionnaire using email. Others details of primary research is provided below. Target Respondents: Target respondents were marketing managers who must have knowledge about the social networking concepts and websites and responsible for preparing branding strategy for their companies. Sample Size: A total of 200 questionnaires were sent to the target respondents out of which 59 responses were received by the researcher. Therefore the total sample size of this study is 59. Sampling Methodology: Convenient sampling methodology has been used by the researcher for designing the samples in this study. In this research, the researcher already known to the screening and qualification criteria of the target respondents therefore the convenient sampling methodology is useful for this research study. Data Analysis: A researcher has used excel tool for analyzing the data. Each questionnaire responses are filled in Excel and developed a final data file. Researcher has used some basic statistical measures to analyze the data and key findings of the research has been presented using charts and graphs which have been prepared using Excel. Ethical Consideration Research Limitations: There are certain ethical issues that have been taken into consideration by the researcher. Researcher has followed the market research guidelines to meet the ethical challenges in this research such as disclosing the respondents names contact information as per the respondents consent, acknowledging the information sources, use of authenticated data sources and websites and meeting the university guidelines to avoid plagiarism. Some limitations faced by the researcher are access to the company information, coverage of sample size and reach out to the target respondents.

fifth business :: essays research papers

There is one human emotion that can paralyse us, lead us to lie both to ourselves and others, to take action that we don't like, and to cripple any rational thought processes. It is self perpetuating if allowed to get out of control. Its side effects are either anger, aggressiveness or fear and reclusiveness. Its symptoms are irrational behaviour, lying, anguish, lack of self-esteem, and in extreme cases, thoughts of suicide. It is guilt. In The Fifth Business, by Robertson Davies, guilt is a reoccurring theme throughout the novel and is a major force in one’s life. Davies demonstrates this by having one character feeling guilt while another who does not. Davies introduces the reader with Dunstable Ramsay and Percy Boyd Staunton. They are depicted as friends yet rivals at the same time. This is shown when Dunstable had a sleigh that was faster than Percy’s. Of course Percy who is the spoiled rich boy becomes jealous, and starts calling Dunstable names. Knowing that Percy hates it when he is being ignored, Dunstable provokes Percy and ends up with him being chased with snowballs. Eventually someone gets hit and it’s not Dunstable, rather it was Mrs. Dempster whom he had ran around of cover. This is where the whole chain of guilt starts right after this incident. Dunstable feels guilty for this because the snowball who was supposed to hit him, ended up hitting Mrs.Dempster who was pregnant at that time.He feels even guiltier when he hears about the premature birth and infancy of Paul Dempster, which gives him a sickening feeling. As well Dunstable was raised in a strict family and has been encouraged to feel guilt even in the smallest of matters. From that day onward Dunstable was a changed individual who became a responsible person to Mrs. Dempster and was a loyal one. Throughout his life he becomes a better person because of the guilt which he accepts and tries to resolve. When Paul Dempster grows up and learns about his mother’s demise, he himself feels guilty. When he grows older and understands things clearer, he blamed himself for causing his mother’s illness, because he was told that his birth had caused it. His guilt is amplified when the residents in the town keep their distances from him. After his mother was caught with the tramp performing sexual acts and being discovered by the townsfolk, Paul gets taunted and teased by his schoolmates who make rude comments towards his mother.