The Role of Insight and Creativity in Problem

The Role of Insight and Creativity in Problem The role of insight and creativity in problem-solving A problem is the gap between what is expected and what is already happening. Thus, in bridging this gap, a person can generate solutions through insight in that this person strives to understand the principles, which might feed into the solutions. Here, the person begins solving the problem by considering the requirements and interrelated elements regarding the problem before seeking a common plan that might lead to the desired goal.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of Insight and Creativity in Problem-Solving specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, direction and flexibility are important aspects in the process of insightful problem-solving because the person involved directs the steps to finding a solution through a pre-determined plan while adjusting and modifying the plan along the way (Rickards, 1997, pp. 2-6). On the other hand, creativity in prob lem-solving follows a classical model, which holds that the problem-solving process entails four distinct phases including preparation, incubation, illumination, and verification. In the preparation step, the person involved in problem-solving begins by identifying the problem before gathering information regarding the possible solutions to the problem through conscious thinking. However, solutions may not be reached during the preparation phase and therefore the person goes into the incubation phase whereby the person may give up or continue considering different aspects of the problem, and in the process, restructuring the possible solutions subconsciously. This process produces tentative solutions, which can be synthesized further in the illumination (insight) phase. Finally, the solutions identified undergo checks, further development, and refinement during the validation phase before they are implemented (Rickards, 1997, p. 10). The whole process is cyclic in nature because if the solutions fail the verification step, one needs to start all over again. Overall, the four-step creative process is a widely accepted model in solving various problems. The functions of reasoning, judgment, and decision-making in problem-solving Problem-solving is the process of developing the options, which guide the process of decision-making. Therefore, the first step toward solving a problem entails decision-making in which the best solution to a problem is selected from a variety of options (Lee Arthur, 1975, p. 3). Accordingly, sound judgment and logical reasoning inform the process of decision-making and therefore, problem-solving in different aspects. Here, judgment is defined as the ability to solve various problems when there is no right or wrong answer during the period of making decisions. Therefore, judgment is an imperative in unique situations, which require one to weigh all the factors affecting the situation before incorporating personal experience, intuitions, and various initiatives in making workable decisions.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, judgment is unique to specific situations, and thus, it is bound to change from one situation to another. As a result, it is imperative that people are trained on various ways of choosing the ingredients and other interrelated elements of problem-solving so that they are prepared to face unique situations when they arise (Lee Arthur, 1975, pp. 5-10). On the other hand, creative problem-solving involves the interplay of three major activities in which the interaction between visual-spatial and analytical reasoning is one of them. Here, the two aspects of reasoning play a major role in problem-solving because creative thinking arises from visual thinking in that the visual images obtained from the surroundings through sense perception are incorporated into the process of finding solutions to problems, which are not observable in nature. Consequently, analytical reasoning aided by visual thinking contributes to the genesis of new ideas that feed into the process of creative problem-solving (Lee Arthur, 1975, pp. 10-23). References Lee, S.S., Arthur, S.E. (1975). Studies of problem solving, judgment, and decision making: Implications for educational research. Review of Research Education, 3, 3-42. Rickards, T. (1997). Creativity and problem-solving at work. Brookfield, USA: Gower Publishing Company.

Investigative journalism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Investigative journalism - Assignment Example While Jordan had shown willingness to trade Moath al-Kasasbeh with al-Rishawi, it asked for a proof of life suspecting that the pilot had long been killed. Jordanian intelligence reported that Moath al-Kasasbeh was already been killed as early January 3 of this year (Vinograd, 2015) and that ISIS is just using the pilot to gain media mileage that could enhance their propaganda warfare and have more recruits. Jordan’s retaliation was swift. It made good on its threat to execute its terrorist prisoners if Moath al-Kasasbeh will be killed. When the news of Moath al-Kasasbeh death through burning broke out in the news, the King cut short his visit from the United States and hurriedly went back home to Jordan and had their terrorists prisoners executed the next day. Jordan also vowed to wipe out ISIS at the face of the planet and will wage war on its own backyard. True to its promise, Jordan led by its King Abdullah, conducted a series of bombing in ISIS stronghold and positions. At present, there are already more than 56 airstrikes conducted by Jordan and counting. Other Arab countries are also joining the fight against crisis as United Arab Emirates had sent a squadron of its F-16 to join the bombing run against ISIS. United States cautioned that such attack must be coordinated with coalition forces for it to have more impact and effective and also to minimize the risk against coalition partners. While Jordan agrees, it is now also taking initiative on hitting ISIS targets. This development is relatively new in the fight against ISIS because for the first time, Arab countries in the Gulf are taking active participation in the fight particularly in the bombing run which was typically done by United States with only minor participation of Gulf Countries. That number has now increased and with the momentum of current development, it looks like the number of Arab countries participation against ISIS will

Management of Information and Technology Assignment

Management of Information and Technology - Assignment Example NEFM is a reputed manufacturer, which is highly dedicated towards satisfying the varied desires and requirements of the customers, both for commercial or domestic purposes. It includes a wide range of imported products such as customised readymade assembled tables, reception tables, executive chairs, shelves and conference tables. Apart from this, it also includes various stylish office chairs, with wide-ranging features such as wooden base, hydrolic equipments, push back, high back, revolving chairs, and knee tilt with wooden armrest among others at reasonable prices. It also presents numerous types of office sofas as well, such as visitor sofa, slalom sofa, two seater sofa, sofa nat, sofa vivi, taco two -seater sofa and eye-q-eye sofa among others. NEFM also presents diverse office interior facilities such as floorings and false ceilings along with wooden and aluminium partitions as well (New Era Furniture Mart, 2010). Other than this, it also offers a variety of domestic furniture s, such as bed and dining tables, storage units along with assorted sofa sets. Moreover, it also presents numerous customised furnitures in order to satisfy the customer needs with the intention to differentiate in the market. NEFM also presents an array of services to its customers including space planning and designing as well as varied furniture installations (Global Manufacturers, 2012). Thus, in order to present innovative products and/or services to the customers, NEFM attempts to offer high concentration on its business processes. Business process is referred as the assortment of activities which focuses on developing a specific product and /or service in order to gratify the end-users. It includes sequences of activities that are included to present the end-products and /or services to its target consumers which begins with a particular objective and ends with an achievement. There are mainly three types of business processes which are related with managing, supporting and operating (Farid, 2007). In this regards, the prime operations of NEFM are concentrated on manufacturing and circulation of varied office and domestic furnitures being entirely dependent on labourers (New Era Furniture Mart, 2010 ). Before instigating the manufacturing process of any furniture, a specific design is selected by the customer. It is extremely essential in order to receive a striking finished product as per the desire of the customer. Another important fact is that the process of manufacturing commences only after the order is placed by a customer (Farid, 2007). The manufacturing process of furniture includes variety of raw materials namely teak wood, walnut wood or keekar wood along with

Biography of Emmanuel Kant Essay Example for Free

Biography of Emmanuel Kant Essay Known by many in the field as the father of modern philosophy, Immanuel Kant questioned many of the assumptions held in his day. He focused much of his work on the realm of human thought, understanding, and potential. His ideas about observation, learning, and experientialism set the precedent for all philosophers who followed him. Born in the early 1720s, Kant lived in what was known as East Prussia (now a part of Kaliningrad, Russia). There, he was able to secure a teaching position for nearly ten years when he began working at Konigsberg University. He would remain a part of their staff for nearly five decades contributing to the rise and popularity of philosophy of the day. Not much more is known about Kant’s earlier life. He did go on to having several of his pieces published, although none were an exact autobiography. In his Critique of Pure Reason, he discussed and raised interesting points about human knowledge. Instrumental on Kant’s own ideas was the work of philosopher David Hume, who agreed that human experience could be used for understanding, but that it should not be used to explain every phenomena we encounter in nature or in the real world. Kant built upon this idea. He stated that new experiences could be formulated based on past experiences because it our past that helps us learn about our future. He believed that the human mind organized events and ideas into categories that could be accessed later to determine how we might react in a certain experience. He came up with the word to describe the paradox of understanding: noumena. Kant’s own arguments about the existence of God were also not well accepted at his time. He believed that man could not rationalize God because it was not something that we had experienced before. In other words, we might be able to attribute certain characteristics to Him, but it is ultimately limited by our own human understanding of the universe. In essence, we could never come close to truly understanding who God is and predict what He is going to do. |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |[pic] |.

Pneumonia And Tuberculosis Essay -- Health Illnesses Essays

Pneumonia and Tuberculosis Pneumonia and tuberculosis have been plaguing the citizens of the world for centuries causing millions of deaths. This occurred until the creation and use of antibiotics become more widely available. These two respiratory infections have many differences, which include their etiology, incidence and prevalence, and many similarities in their objective and subject indicators, medical interventions, course, rehabilitation and effects. To explore the relationship between pneumonia and tuberculosis we will examine a case study. Joan is a 35 year old women who was feeling fine up till a few weeks ago when she develop a sore throat. Since her sore throat she had been experiencing chest pain, a loss of appetite, coughing and a low fever so she went to visit her doctor. Her doctor admitted her to the hospital with bacterial pneumonia and after three days of unsuccessful treatment it was discovered that she actually had active tuberculosis. This misdiagnosis shows the similarities between the two diseases and how easily they can be confused. Pneumonia Pneumonia is a serious infection or inflammation of the lungs with exudation and consolidation. Pneumonia can be one of two types: lobar pneumonia or bronchial pneumonia. Lobar pneumonia affects one lobe of a lung while bronchial pneumonia affects the areas closest to the bronchi (O'Toole, 1992). In the United States over three million people are infected with pneumonia each year; five percent of which die. Etiology There are over 30 causes for pneumonia however there are 4 main causes which are bacterial, viral, mycoplasma and fungal (American Lung Association, 1996). Bacterial pneumonia attacks everyone from young to old, however "alcoholics, the debilitated, post-operative patients, people with respiratory disease or viral infections and people who have weakened immune systems are at greater risk" (American Lung Association, 1996). The Pneumococcusis bacteria, which is classified as Streptococcus pneumoniae, causes bacterial pneumonia and can be prevented by a vaccine. In 20 - 30% of the cases the infection spreads to the blood stream (MedicineNet, 1997) which can lead to secondary infections. Viral pneumonia accounts for half of all pneumonia cases (American Lung Association, 1996) unfortunately there is no effective tre... ...sis can be kept under control with the use of antibiotics and the earlier that the infection is caught the better chance of a prompt recovery. References American Lung Association. (1996). Pneumonia [Online]. Available URL: http://www.lungusa.org/noframes/learn/lung/lunpneumonia.html American Lung Association. (1996) Tuberculosis [Online]. Available URL: http://www.lungusa.org/noframes/learn/lung/luntb.html Cook, Allan R., & Dresser, Peter D. (Ed.). (1995). Respiratory diseases and disorders sourcebook (6). Detroit: Omnigraphics Inc. Galantino, Mary Lou., & Bishop, Kathy Lee. (1994, February). The new TB. PT Magazine. P. 53-61 MedicineNet. (1997). Diseases & treatments: pneumonia [Online]. Available URL: http://www.medicinenet.com/mainmenu/encyclop/ARTICLE/Art_P/pneumon.htm National Jewish Center for Immunology and Respiratory Medicine. (1989). Med Facts Pneumonia [Online]. Available URL: http://www.hjc.org/MFhtml/PNE_MF.html O'Toole, M. (Ed.). (1992). Miller-Keane encyclopedia and dictionary of medicine, nursing, and allied health. Toronto: W.B. Saunders. Schlossberg, David. (Ed.). (1994). Tuberculosis (3rd ed.). New York: Springer - Verlag.

Calibration of Volumetric Glassware Essay

Summary In this experiment, The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the measurement of the actual volume contents of volumetric glassware. In the beginning of the experiment, the volumetric glassware should be clean and dry before used. The volumetric glassware, measuring cylinder and pipette should be handled with care and all the precautions were be taken during the experiment was held. This was to ensure to avoid any errors such as parallax error especially while reading water meniscus. This experiment must be repeated three times or more and take the average reading to get more accurate data. By using the formulae, the standard deviation and relative standard deviation could be calculated. As the result, the lower the standard deviation, the higher the consistency of an instrument. Although the instrument may measure a given sample, the value might need to be altered due to various conditions and errors. Objectives The objective of the experiments was to; Calibrate a 10 mL volumetric pipette. Calibrate a 25 mL volumetric pipette. Calibrate a 100 mL volumetric flask. Calibrate a 50 mL measuring cylinder Introduction Volumetric glassware is used to accurately measure volumes. Despite all of the tools and instruments available for the use of measuring values of various data, it is impossible to measure the true value of anything. This experiment is intended to develop a person’s capacity to handle volumetric glassware. One must understand how to handle volumetric glassware to acquire  the best possible data from the equipment used in lab. Although the instrument may measure a given sample, the value might need to be altered due to various conditions. However, with practice and experience, we can reach very close to the true value, gaining the ability to measure with both high accuracy and precision. The objective of this experiment is to calibrate a 10mL burette and other volumetric glassware by calculating their correction values. By doing so, we can correct systematic errors caused by the burette’s or glassware’s values. A systematic error is an error in reading the scale when a physical quantity is being measured. Systematic errors are caused by the instrument, observer and surroundings. Another main type of error is random error. Random error is an error which occurs when the observer is reading the scale on the measuring instrument. Volumetric glassware is used to accurately measure volumes. In any given experiment, students may come across systematic errors or random errors. Random errors are not able to be corrected by a standard mean because they are not consistent. However, systematic errors are consistent and is able to be detected which allows students to correct the error that was found. So, using uncalibrated glassware will cause a systematic error. This error occurs because the volume reading given by the glassware is slightly different than the actual volume that is obtained in the glassware. In order to avoid systematic error, it important to calibrate the measuring instrument so that there is a standard value for zero which allows the measurement to be more accurate. Calibration of volumetric glassware such as burette is carried out by weighing the amount of water delivered. The temperature of the water used in the calibration must be known since the density of water changes. The purpose of this experiment is to investigate the measurement of the actual volume contents of volumetric glassware. If there is a slight variation in this instrument, it would cause systematic error and thus, the accuracy of results of an experiment or investigation would be affected. All volumetric glassware has marking on it. It is either being marked with TD or TC, which brings the meaning of ‘to deliver’ and ‘to contain’ respectively. For example, a pipette has a marking of TD, which means a pipette is marked  as a ‘to deliver’. Whereas, volumetric flask has TC as its marking, meaning it is marked as a ‘to contain’. A volumetric pipette & measuring cylinder can be calibrated by just weighing the water they deliver. As for volumetric flask, the weight of an empty flask is recorded. Next, weigh the flask after filling it with water to the mark. After that, it is crucial to convert the mass to volume. The water density at a t emperature will aid this process. The compliance of the Volume Occupied by 1.000g of Water Weigh in Air table is deemed necessary throughout the comparison. In order to obtain the true volume of volumetric glassware holds, this formula will be used. This experiment shall be repeated twice or more to enhance accuracy of the results obtained. Besides detecting systematic errors, this experiment would aid on the technique and understandings to the correct use of these equipments. Materials Transfer pipette, cleaning solution/detergent, beaker, thermometer, distilled water, top loading balance, 10ml volumetric pipette, 25mlvolumetric pipette, 100ml volumetric flask, 50ml measuring cylinder. Procedure 1) Calibration of a volumetric pipette (10ml and 25ml) a) Transfer pipette was obtained. The pipette was cleaned because distilled water does not drain uniformly. A cleaning solution or detergent was used to clean the pipette. b) An empty beaker was weighted. Then, water was filled in the beaker. The temperature was recorded at uniform intervals. c) The 10ml pipette was filled with distilled water until it reaches the calibration mark. d) Water was drained into another beaker e) The beaker filled with water was then weighted to find the mass of water delivered from the pipette. f) The following equation was used to convert mass to volume : Volume(actual) = (grams of water) x (volume of 1g of water in table1) g) Step a – f was repeated using 25ml pipette. 1) 2) Calibration of volumetric flask (100ml) a) A 100ml volumetric flask was cleaned and dried. b) The flask was weighted. Then, water was filled into the flask. Transfer pipette was used to remove the excess amount of water filled in the flask so that it exactly reach the calibration mark. c) The flask filled with water was weighted to find the mass of water contained in the flask. d) Mass of water was converted to volume using the equation above. 3) Calibration of a measuring cylinder (100ml) a) A 100ml measuring cylinder was cleaned and dried. b) The measuring cylinder was weighted. Then, water was filled into the measuring cylinder until it reached the calibration mark. Transfer pipette was also used to remove the excess water. c) The measuring cylinder filled with water was weighted to find the mass of water contained in the measuring cylinder. d) Mass of water was converted to volume using the same equation. Result and Discussion Result: a) Data 10mL pipette Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Mass of flask + water (g) 42.64 42.66 42.66 Mass of flask (g) 32.72 32.72 32.72 Mass of water (g) 9.92 9.94 9.94 Temperature (oC) 28 28 28 Actual volume (mL) 9.97 9.99 9.99 Average volume (mL) 9.98 Standard Deviation, 0.012 Relative standard deviation ,/ 0.001202 50mL pipette Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Mass of flask + water (g) 121.08 121.06 121.04 Mass of flask (g) 96.60 96.60 96.56 Mass of water (g) 24.48 24.46 24.48 Temperature (oC) 28 28 28 Actual volume (mL) 24.60 24.58 24.60 Average volume (mL) 24.59 Standard Deviation, 0.012 Relative standard deviation ,/ 0.00049 10mL pipette Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Mass of flask + water (g) 158.42 158.44 158.42 Mass of flask (g) 57.18 57.16 57.16 Mass of water (g) 101.24 101.28 101.26 Temperature (oC) 28 27 28 Actual volume (mL) 101.73 101.77 101.75 Average volume (mL) 101.75 Standard Deviation, 0.02 Relative standard deviation ,/ 0.000197 50mL measuring cylinder Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Mass of flask + water (g) 116.48 116.48 116.48 Mass of flask (g) 68.18 68.17 68.18 Mass of water (g) 48.30 48.31 48.30 Temperature (oC) 28 28 28 Actual volume (mL) 48.53 48.54 48.53 Average volume (mL) 48.53 Standard Deviation, 0.007 Relative standard deviation ,/ 0.000146 Discussion: According to the tables above, when using 10mL pipette, the actual volume delivered is 9.98mL and the standard deviation is 0.012. The lower the standard deviation, the higher the consistency of an instrument based in a physic’s book. Consistent measurements consist of readings that have little or no relative deviation among them. So, when the standard deviation is nearer to zero then this shows that the readings taken are consistent. In order to get a good accuracy, the experiments are done until trial 3. Temperature are remain consistent for all three trial for different glassware that 28 °C. This experiment expectation is that the glassware will be used to measure liquids at room temperature. Since liquids have a tendency to change volume (at the level of precision of calibrated instruments), then we want the liquid to be at the temperature we are most likely to use so that the calibration will have the most accuracy and we used water since it is thermal equilibrium in su rrounding. Another factor that may interrupt the reading is parallax error during the experiment is held. In order to avoid parallax error is the glassware must be weight for another two times. Every scale on the reading instrument must be read properly, it may reduce the fact. The eyes must be perpendicular to the reading scale on the same level as the bottom surface of the water meniscus to avoid parallax error. Besides, the weighing bottles are always being capped to avoid evaporation since it is important precaution. Conclusion Based on this experiment , we can conclude that this experiment are to study the calibration to measure the accuracy of volumetric glassware. This experiment also ensure the accuracy of the volumetric glassware for 10 ml and 25 ml pipette, 100 ml volumetric flask and 50ml measuring cylinder References * http://gula-gulakapassikecik.blogspot.com/2012/04/calibration-of-volumetric-glassware_24.html?m=1 * www.studymode.com * Lim Peng Chew, Lim Ching Chai, Nexus Bestari Physics, Sasbadi Sdn. Bhd. , 2013, Pg 18,19

Swot Analysis Southwest Airlines - 1305 Words

The safest way to travel in the United States is through U.S. commercial airplanes. There are only .06 deaths per billion miles, which is tremendously better than cars and motorcycles who’s are 5.67 and 217 per billion miles (CNN 2015). Southwest Airlines is one of the major airlines in the US and the one of the world s largest low-cost carrier. The airline was created by Herb Kelleher in 1967. Their headquarters are in Dallas, Texas. By using the PESTEL analysis, Value Chain Analysis, and the Return Of Sales (ROS), I will analyze Southwest. It will compare them to their competitors such as Jet Blue, Delta, and American Airlines. In using the PESTEL analysis, only half of the components are a deciding factor in the airline industry.†¦show more content†¦Lastly, the technological factor is a big factor for the airline industry. Technology is rapidly growing in every industry, which only benefits the airline industry because it helps lower fuel consumption, cost of airl ine operation and improve efficiency (Makos 2015). Competition thrives off having the technological advantage. The Value Chain Analysis identifies the primary activities and related support activities that creates customer value (McGraw 2015). Under the primary activities, cost is the supply chain management, operations, distributions, sales and marketing, and services. The main activities that Southwest Airline uses are operations, sales and marketing, and services. First, operations are activities, costs, and assets associated with converting inputs into the final product form (McGraw 2015). This was a big factor in Southwest’s solution to the increasing price of fuel. â€Å"Installing â€Å"blended winglets† on all of Southwest s planes began in 2007. In 2014, they started to upgrade its aircraft fleet with newly designed split-scimitar winglets. These winglets reduced lift drag, allowed aircraft to climb more steeply and reach higher flight levels quicker, improved cruising performance, helped extend engine life and reduce maintenance costs, and reduced fuel burn† (McGraw: Southwest Case 2015). Since installing the winglets, Southwest has been able to